A Cologne side in free fall in the Bundesliga sacked coach Uwe Rapolder on Sunday, the day after a 3-2 defeat by Arminia Bielefeld provoked the resignation of the club's general manager.
Rapolder took over at Cologne ahead of the current season, after the club had won promotion back to the first division. The campaign started well but Saturday's defeat was the team's 12th successive Bundesliga match without a win.
'It was a very, very tough decision,' Cologne president Wolfgang Overath said at a news conference. 'But after 12 games without a win I'm convinced that something had to be done.
'I had the feeling that not everyone in the squad was completely behind the coach.'
The defeat left Cologne third from bottom of the table at the halfway stage of the season, with just 12 points from 17 matches. They are ahead of the bottom two clubs, MSV Duisburg and Kaiserslautern, on goal difference.
'After the recent results I wasn't surprised by the decision,' Rapolder said on Sunday.
Manager Andreas Rettig, Rapolder's immediate boss, resigned on Saturday after the Bielefeld defeat.
'I'm responsible for the make-up of the squad and I must be judged by numbers,' Rettig told a news conference after the match. 'Twelve points are not enough.'
Rapolder is the seventh Bundesliga coach to lose his job this season, following Klaus Augenthaler (Bayer Leverkusen), Wolfgang Wolf (Nuremberg), Ewald Lienen (Hanover 96), Michael Henke (Kaiserslautern), Norbert Meier (Duisburg) and Ralf Rangnick (Schalke 04).
The Bundesliga resumes on January 27 after a six-week mid-season break.